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2. INTRODUCTION
Guy Fawkes Night, also known as Guy Fawkes Day and Bonfire Night, is an annual commemoration observed on 5th November, in Great Britain. Its history begins in 1605, when Guy Fawkes, a member of the Gunpowder Plot, was caught guarding explosives placed beneath the House of Lords and arrested.
4. WHO ORGANISED THE CONSPIRATON
The mercenary Guy Fawkes was the main conspirator. Fawkes was discovered guarding around 30 barrels of gunpowder in a cellar underneath the House of Lords
Fawkes and his fellow conspirators had planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament, assassinating the king and countless other heads of state during the State Opening.
5. GUY FAWKES
Guy Fawkes, also known as Guido Fawkes, the name he adopted while fighting for the Spanish in the Low Countries, was a nobleman, adventurer, and politician and belonged to a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.
Fawkes was born and educated in York. His father died when Fawkes was eight years old, after which his mother married a recusant Catholic. Fawkes later converted to Catholicism and left for the continent, where he fought in the Eighty Years' War on the side of Catholic Spain against Protestant Dutch reformers. He travelled to Spain to seek support for a Catholic rebellion in England but was unsuccessful. He later met Thomas Wintour, with whom he returned to England)
6. STORY
Guy Fawkes Night originates from the Gunpowder Plot of 1605, a failed conspiracy by a group of provincial English Catholics to assassinate the Protestant King James I of England and replace him with a Catholic head of state. In the immediate aftermath of the arrest of Guy Fawkes, caught guarding a cache of explosives placed beneath the House of Lords, James's Council allowed the public to celebrate the king's survival with bonfires, so long as they were "without any danger or disorder", making 1605 the first year the plot's failure was celebrated.
Days before the surviving conspirators were executed in January 1606, Parliament passed the Observance of 5th November Act 1605, commonly known as the "Thanksgiving Act". It was proposed by a Puritan Member of Parliament,Edward Montagu, who suggested that the king's apparent deliverance by divine intervention deserved some measure of official recognition, and kept 5 November free as a day of thanksgiving while in theory making attendance at Church mandatory. A new form of service was also added to the the Church of England´s Book of Common Prayer for use on 5 November.
7. CUSTOM
In celebration of his survival, King James ordered that the people of England should have a great bonfire on the night on 5th November.
Since then, the night has become known as Bonfire Night. The event is commemorated every year with fireworks and by burning effigies of Guy Fawkes on a bonfire. The effigies are made out of old clothes stuffed with scrunched-up paper to make them look like a man (i.e. Guy Fawkes). These “Guys” are then put on the fire and burned.
During the days before Bonfire Night, children used to take their home-made guys out on the street and ask for "a penny for the Guy" for fireworks.
8.COUNTRIES
Ever since then, Guy Fawkes Night has been celebrated not only in England, but around the world.
The festival has its followers in older British colonies of Canada, South Africa and also Australia where until the late 1970’s the festival was celebrated with much fanfare.
The festival has its followers in older British colonies of Canada, South Africa and also Australia where until the late 1970’s the festival was celebrated with much fanfare.
9. POEMS AND RHYMES
The chants and rhymes which accompany the celebration of Guy Fawkes Night are as integral to the custom as the burning of the Guy and the lighting of fireworks. Many such ditties have been composed over the years...examples of the important aspects of freedom of expression and the right of an individual to his or her own personal beliefs. What follows is merely a small sampling of what might be heard on the evening of November 5th.
Here, I show more poemas and rhymes.
10. TRADITIONAL FOODS OF FAWKES DAY CELEBRATION
As well as burning effigy of Guy Fawkes, the bonfires are used to cook potatoes wrapped in foil and to heat up soup for the crowds that come to watch the fireworks.
The traditional cake eaten on bonfire night is the Bonfire toffee, a sticky cake containing a mix of oatmeal, ginger, treacle and syrup. The toffee tastes very strongly of molasses (black treacle), and cheap versions can be quite bitter.
Other foods include sausages cooked over the flames and marshmallows toasted in the fire.
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